In 1640, William Kieft, the Director General of the New Netherland Colony, decided that liquor should be distilled on Staten Island. The Stitzel distillery joined forces with the Weller company to form Stitzel-Weller. A Few Other Whiskey Men Who Appeared in Kentucky Before 1800, All of these families helped bring the tradition of American whiskey-making into the nineteenth and right through to the twentieth century. The aging factor needs a little more investigation. Not only are they, in many cases, less expensive than straight whiskeys, but the act of blending whiskey has now become an art form and results in a softer dram that is ideally suited for use with mixers, with some of the more expensive blends being complex enough to be savored for their own intricacies. Stills had been commonplace on Scottish farms since the mid-1500s, usually little more than barrel-size (or smaller) enclosed copper pots with a metal pipe that emerged from the top and coiled down to a receptacle that caught the condensed spirit. And beer was made in relatively copious quantities in the 1600s. Pulque is depicted in Native American stone carvings from as early as AD 200. Even before the turn of the century, the rum business had been winding down. Less than 10 years later, Carry married David Nation, a lawyer and minister of the Christian church who eventually divorced her because of her slightly insane ways of demonstrating her distaste for alcohol. Crockett paints a wonderful picture of a fancy saloon filled with power brokers being served by no less than a dozen white-coated bartenders who were busy all afternoon and evening ministering to an endless array of thirsts. Mind you, respectable as this bar may have been, Crockett does give mention to customers who were filled to overflowing and had to be either carried or led away. Its little wonder that a number of wives of this period were dismayed and more by their spouses drinking habits. When a movie cowboy orders three fingers of red-eye (although a dictionary will tell you that red-eye is cheap whiskey), he is actually demanding the good stuff--it dont get red until its aged. Oscar Pepper, in the 1800s. What a pleasant surprise on Rainey Street. Fortunately, however, the government rethought their actions when they realized that much of the whiskey being consumed at the time wasnt being taxed at all. Simply because it packed more alcohol into a small quantity of liquid than wine or beer, and it was, therefore, easier to transport and hide from the authorities. These are mere incidents in its progress. In the second example Lincoln often is erroneously quoted as saying that injury from alcohol arose from the abuse of a good thing rather than from the use of a bad thing. Both spirits are made with a mash bill of at least 51% corn and aged in new charred oak barrels. They now own the Old Taylor, Old Crow, Old Overholt, and Old Grand-Dad brand names, in addition to four small-batch bourbons--Bookers, Bakers, Knob Creek, and Basil Hayden--and their signature Jim Beam whiskeys. At one point Wiley is rumored to have taken a bottle of bad whiskey to President Teddy Roosevelt who examined the product and declared that if people could no longer get a decent glass of whiskey, it was time that something was done about it. But whether or not they were shipping their product in charred casks is highly debatable; we know only that that particular practice became popular in the fifty-some years that followed. In 1913, an article appeared in The Louisville Courier-Journals special Southern Prosperity edition wherein whiskey dealer S. C. Herbst proclaimed that his Old Judge and Old Fitzgerald brands were the last Old Fashioned Copper Pot Distilled Whiskeys.. Leslie Samuels (Makers Mark) reopened his Deatsville distillery in 1933, and sold T. W. Samuels bourbon (named for the first Samuels to open a commercial distillery). To match todays style of bourbon whiskey, we must use todays standards as our guide: Bourbon must be aged for at least two years in charred oak casks (folk may tell you they must be white oak, but government specifications dont designate a type), and contain more corn than the sum of all *other grains used. Colonel Albert B. Blanton became plant manager at the George T. Stagg distillery in 1912. Dating back to 1608, this brand has stood the test of time and not much has changed since the beginning. It was a grand system that had actually been around since about 1870 when bottles became more common as a way of packaging whiskey, but as local Prohibition spread, drinkers in dry areas began writing away for whiskey like never before, and they were treated to some marvelous offers and premiums. There is no doubt that liquor was being abused, and one fellow, George Garvin Brown, creator of the Old Forester brand and a founder member of the Wine and Spirits Association (W S A), did take steps to counter the prohibition movement. Though that possibility is not unthinkable, its more probable that he was making corn beer. Decrying prohibition during that period was somewhat akin to promoting cigarettes in 1995--although it doesnt amount to treason, it just isnt politically correct.. Indeed, for every 1,000 bushels of corn used to make alcohol, the leftover mash could feed 30 head of cattle and 15 pigs for 112 days, thus producing 1,000 pounds of beef and 240 pounds of pork. Tight barrels were valuable, and recyclable, and used barrels were less expensive than new ones. The spirits they made were probably not the smoothest of potions, mind you--but they were liquor all the same. Not long after, many a fine barrel of whiskey was being made in the Bards Town area. The jugs most often were of the little brown jug how I love thee variety--glazed stoneware in sizes ranging from one to five gallons* 1 pint according to veach. (This time period remained in effect until the Forand Act of 1958 increased it to 20 years.) The story is documented in A Memorial History of Louisville, 1896, and includes the comment that the New Englanders went back to their rum leaving the Kentuckians to their whiskey. Some distillers are resting comfortably, knowing that they have been producing fine heavy-bodied whiskeys all along, while others who had lightened their products somewhat in an attempt to compete with gin, vodka, and rum, are now, thankfully, rethinking their position. The distiller needed money, and the rest of the town needed whiskey to take the edge off the hazards of living in new territory surrounded by natives who seemed to think they had every right to live on their own land. Carry Amelia Moore was born in Kentucky and raised there, in Missouri, and in Texas. from 1879 until her death in 1898, was Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard, born in Churchville, New York, in 1839. In his book, The Great Illusion, Herbert Asbury quotes a 1929 telegram that listed over 30 people and places that supplied liquor in Manhattan. By 1786, the whiskey we now call bourbon was known as Kentucky or Western whiskey--just so people could distinguish it from Pennsylvania, Monongahela, or Maryland rye whiskey. Further north, the Pilgrims also were making beer, and according to John Hull Brown in his book, Early American Beverages, they werent above adding flavorings in the form of molasses, tree barks (spruce, birch, and sassafras were popular), and fruit and vegetables, such as apples and pumpkins, to their brews. No--it didnt contain neutral spirits or added flavorings or colorings. Decorative glass and ceramic bottles containing whiskey were a novelty that had been around since the early 1800s. According to William L. Downard, author of the Dictionary of the History of the American Brewing and Distilling Industries, Peorias whiskey business was an offshoot of the citys active grain mills--surpluses were used to make whiskey. A Treatise on the Manufacture, Imitation, Adulteration, and Reduction of Foreign Wines, Brandies, Gins, Rums, Etc. A man named Evan Williams actually built a whiskey distillery in Louisville in 1783, and this is the first recorded mention of a commercial distillery that we can find, although that doesnt mean that Boone and Ritchie werent selling or bartering their product. In the early years of the twentieth century, large food companies had already started shipping foodstuffs all over the country, and there was growing concern about the preservatives and dyes being used, as well as the sanitary conditions in the packaging plants. Why did Babcock use the name Sylph on the telegrams? Eventually, the distillers gave in to Washington. American whiskey started its life as a raw, unaged spirit that had, as its main attribute, the power to spur the courage of the first colonists. Although we cant say for certain how many people believed their claim as patriotic party do-gooders, evidence points to up to 15 million gallons of whiskey a year, which would have generated a cool $7.5 million in taxes--an extraordinary amount of money at the time--going untaxed between 1870 and 1874. Wine is aged in toasted barrels, and indeed bourbon casks are toasted before they are charred. But Hay could not believe it, the rebels drink more and worse whiskey than we do, he wrote. The plant produced Tom Moore Bourbon in 1879, and Mattingly & Moore Bourbon by 1896. The first money used for the investigation went to reporter Myron Colony, who was hired by the Treasury Department to gather evidence against whoever was responsible for misdirecting the excise taxes. George T. Stagg (The Ancient Age Distillery) opened his first distillery in 1840. Some bootleggers took a shortcut and produced highly toxic methyl or wood alcohol instead of ethyl (beverage) alcohol. one gallon was needed in order to make 64 hand grenades or two 155mm Howitzer shells. And these were not the bygone days when men were the sole decision makers, by this time women, too, had buying power--and they were discriminating consumers. When it's good, it's good. (One horse could carry about four bushels of grain or one 60-gallon barrel of whiskey--the product of 24 bushels of grain. Not content with that destruction, Carry Nation then set fire to the contents. They had the right idea, and if they just could have waited another 50 years or so, they might have made a fortune. Precursor to modern happy hours, the feast included caviar, Virginia ham, canaps, and thirst-provoking anchovies in various-tinted guises. The idea, of course, was to lure men there for a free lunch and sell them as much beer and liquor as possible in the interim. They were out to prevent accidents and to help those with a drinking problem take care of themselves. Owsley Brown (Brown-Forman), Frank Thompson (Glenmore), and a group of other concerned distillers met with attorneys from the Wholesale Liquor Dealers Association in Washington, D.C. Their aim was to unite the entire distilled spirits industry, write a code of conduct (it was actually drafted by Harris William of the Department of Agriculture) that would be acceptable to all, and convince everyone to sign it. Bonding helped the whiskey men a little since it meant that they didnt have to pay their taxes as soon as the spirit ran out of the still, but 12 months wasnt a very long grace period considering that whiskey under two years old isnt worth drinking, and it doesnt really gain much character until it has been in the wood for three to four years. In fact, the lottery winners paid nothing at all for the property; the only requirement was that they had to clear their plot of land and build a house, at least 16-feet-square, on it. So here we have a perfect place to make whiskey--the cultivation of corn was encouraged and therefore became the predominant grain, the water was perfect for distillation, and the settlers had plenty of wood from which to make barrels. I. W. Harper Bourbon won a gold medal at the Exposition Universal, in Paris, France, in 1900 and another at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904. It is the process that is still used today and distinguishes Tennessee whiskey from bourbon and all other straight American whiskeys. . Also in 1935, the Austin Nichols company, previously concerned solely with the food business, took an interest in whiskey and other liquors. proof), but by 1865 they had risen to a whopping $2 per gallon, the exact same amount that would be levied after Repeal, almost 70 years later. Many of the other straight whiskeys on the market at this time were merely young--they were bottled at 12- to 18-months-old and sold under familiar labels. Babcock was finally brought to trial in 1876, and due in large part to testimony from Grant in the form of a deposition (Grant had offered to testify in person at the trial but was persuaded that Presidents just didnt do that sort of thing), he was acquitted of all crimes. The idea was that by attracting newcomers to the town, the surrounding land, owned by the same company, would grow in value. Heres an example of how it worked according to Martin Gilbert, author of American History Atlas, 1968: In 1752, by which time there were at least 30 legitimate distilleries in Rhode Island alone, a ship called The Sanderson left Newport, with 8,220 gallons of rum on board. The idea was that the distillers would show their willingness and ability to police themselves from within and prevent post-Prohibition bars from becoming the seedy, unregulated dives they had been prior to 1919. In the 1790s American distilled spirits (whiskey, gin, rye, bourbon, etc.) Some canny souls of the period between, say, 1800 and 1840, probably savvy distillers who managed to put two and two and two together and eventually arrive at six, must have noticed that, not only was this aged whiskey smoother than the raw product straight from the still, but also that the stuff that came from expensive brand new casks didnt have quite the finesse of that from the used casks that had been charred to clean them up. It has not come to the kingdom simply to build a little local sentiment, or to secure the passage of a few laws, nor yet to vote the saloons from a few hundred towns. Its body gets bigger, its soul develops character, and the sharp, childish bite of *young, raw whiskey become deep, somber declarations of maturity. Heres a list of prominent whiskey men whose products hit the shelves between 1800 and 1860 (The current-day whiskeys with which these families became connected are noted. Add to that the fact that, in some circles, drinking is also a sin, and it becomes relatively easy to convince a nation that drink should be taxed. Members lectured and wrote to prominent people on both sides of the issue trying to bank the fire a little. In 1867, she married a physician and alcoholic, Dr. Charles Gloyd, and was widowed when her husband, despite her remonstrations to the contrary, reaped the rewards of drinking too much. The origin of pulque is unknown, but because it has a major . April 30, 1803: Jefferson buys Louisiana from France, doubling the size of the country. 9: Alcohol and the City 1800-1900. Okay, we have whiskey made using corn as the predominant grain, and we have some of that whiskey being aged in charred barrels. However, some documents had been discovered that pointed to reasons other than friendship for Grants change of heart. So, although the new law did help somewhat on the financial side, the distillers still paid taxes on their product considerably before they could sell it at a decent price. But them as didnt would bring their grain to them as did and have it made into whiskey. The Willett Family Estate has worked diligently since the mid-1800s to start, perfect, and craft their award-winning spirits. The hope was that it would tide them over for a few years until they had enough aged straight whiskey to please the public. Not that she hated only alcohol, mind you, Carry also hated sex, tobacco, and Teddy Roosevelt. Babcock became an Inspector of Lighthouses and drowned in 1884; McDonald was found guilty of his crimes in 1875, fined $5,000, and sentenced to three years imprisonment--but was pardoned, less than two years later, by President Hayes. Furthermore, we can track the creation of bourbon and Tennessee whiskey back to their very roots--a rare opportunity when the subject is food or drink. In 1908, she even ventured to Britain and Ireland, where she spread the word of Jesus and His dislike of neighborhood taverns. The first thing you need to know is that this place only offers Tennessee rye whiskey drinks, all are 80 proof, hence the name, and are infused with real ingredients for additional flavor. Jack Daniels No. Another humiliation occurred after Grants re-election in 1872, when Vice President Schuyler Colfax was investigated for taking bribes. Methyl alcohol has a direct affect on the optic nerve, and as little as one ounce has been known to cause death. Another major development of this era was the 1825 invention of The Lincoln County Process by Tennessean Alfred Eaton. According to Gerald Carson in his book, The Social History of Bourbon, since the Northern soldiers had more money than their adversaries, they could buy more whiskey. It was statewide in some instances, and under various forms of local option (towns, counties, municipalities, or city districts having the right to legislate and enforce prohibition) in others. Along with many other reputable distillers and rectifiers, Taylor was worried that the bad whiskey in the marketplace would reflect badly on the whole industry. Old Taylor Bourbon first hit the shelves in 1887. John D. Rockefeller, Sr. had paved the way with Standard Oil and all it took after that was a few clever men in Peoria, Illinois. Back in 1850, both Old Pepper and Old Crow whiskeys were made at the same distillery. Liquor in the 18th century: History of Distilled Spirits. Since rum was made nearby, in the Caribbean, and therefore was easy and relatively inexpensive to transport to the U.S., it became the drink of choice of many Americans beleaguered by both the shortage of whiskey, and a lack of money. The filthy saloons, the gin mills which formerly flourished on every corner and in which the laborer once drank off half his wages, have disappeared. (A wonderful twentieth-century example of this process can be seen in the case of A. Smith Bowman, a farmer in Virginia who, in 1935, produced Virginia Gentleman Straight Bourbon Whiskey using grains grown on his farm, made barrels from the trees on his land, and used the residues of his distillate to feed his farm animals.). And even east--to exotic ports such as New York City where, according to Luc Sante, author of Low Life, Lures and Snares of Old New York, for under a nickel, you could drink all the whiskey you could manage by sucking it through a rubber tube until you had to stop to take a breath. Not one to be sidetracked for long, Ms. Nation took to lecturing on the vaudeville circuit to raise money, and traveled to every state in the country, breaking up bars as she went. (Although the Kentucky notes do advise that the process be repeated until the whiskey was pure.) Since Eaton is said to have noted that his Lincoln County Process took a long time, some historians have taken his words to mean that he was aging his whiskey as early as 1825. During the war, American distilleries were enlisted to produce industrial alcohol for the war effort, and once again the whiskey supplies began to dwindle. Since the distillation of beverage alcohol is, in simple terms, the separation of alcohol from water, they were actually performing a form of distillation by freezing instead of heating. By 1900, many of the smaller temperance societies had either given their support to or had become part of the Anti-Saloon League, founded in 1893. The Canadians and the Scots, on the other hand, had plenty of aged whiskey, and they were champing at the bit to ship it into the States. In 1868 Congress passed a bill that reduced the excise tax to 50 per gallon, required a tax stamp to be put on all American-made spirits, and gave distillers a grace period--known as the bonding period--of one year before having to pay taxes on liquor that was aging. By 1790, George Washington had been inaugurated in New York City, the new countrys temporary capital, and after the long years of fighting the Revolutionary War, it was time to set up business. Actually, by that year, every state in the union had some form of prohibition. In short, where America has been, so has American whiskey--and where whiskey has traveled, so have Americans been influenced by its presence. . But toward the end of Prohibition, those who were still producing whiskey were busy making plans for Repeal. Raise a glass to the pioneers and heroes of the American whiskey industry: Jacob Beam, I. W. Bernheim, Colonel Blanton, Wattie Boone, A. Smith Bowman, George Garvin Brown, the Chapeze brothers, James Crow, Jack Daniel, J. W. Dant, George Dickel, Basil Hayden, Paul Jones, Henry McKenna, Tom Moore, Elijah Pepper, T. B. Ripy, Robert Samuels, the Shapira brothers, E. H. Taylor, Pappy Van Winkle, W. L. Weller, and Evan Williams. Check reviews and buy BLANTON'S Tribute To Warehouse H 25th Anniversary Whisky.fr 97 Proof 2022 La Maison du Whisky Edition Single Barrel Bourbon online today. After watching people in Saghetti Westerns and Civil War Documentaries shoot whiskey like it was nothing, I was wondering about the strength of alcohol in the 19th century. Jacob Beam (Jim Beam Bourbon) came to Kentucky in 1785 and reportedly built his first distillery three years later. Bootleggers colored their white lightning with ingredients such as iodine and tobacco to make it look as though it had been in the wood for a few years. Kentucky whiskey was somewhat lighter than the rye whiskey from the East, and it was a product they could call their own. After the Civil War, many of the smaller distillers just didnt have the capital to comply with the law since the tax was due upon production--as soon as the whiskey ran out of the still, the tax was due. Its just an old story, but there could be a grain of truth in it. The following morning they discarded the frozen portion, leaving them with very strong cider--the alcohol content was concentrated in the liquid that didnt, or couldnt, freeze. This version is Barrel 2 and bottled at 97 Proof. Robert Samuels (Makers Mark Bourbon) arrived in Kentucky in 1780 and probably set up his still shortly thereafter. Meanwhile, the thirsty Scots-Irish and German distillers who settled in western Pennsylvania and Maryland had been making rye whiskey--but why rye? Cutter, Chicken Cock and Old Forrester. Since the late 1700s when whiskey was first shipped down south, a number of Kentuckys whiskey makers had come to rely heavily on Southern states demand and market for their products. There are three recipes for making imitation Old Bourbon in Stephens book, one calls for 20 gallons of proof spirit (neutral spirits diluted to 100? Typically available by the end of August until it sells out. In 1798 almost 200 Kentucky whiskey men were found guilty of making whiskey without a license (Elijah Craig, a Baptist minister, no less, among them). 7 whiskey won a gold medal at the Louisiana Purchase Exhibition of the 1904 Worlds Fair in St. Louis, and the brand would soon be marketed overseas. Bootleggers smuggled bottles of Scotch whiskey in hollowed-out loaves of bread. One of the favorite whiskey recipes is Ol' Snakehead. In the years between the Civil War and 1900, the very ways in which whiskey was packaged and marketed were also updated and modernized. All whiskeys were, once again, whiskeys--some were blended, and some were straight--but the label had to declare which type was in the bottle. Most of them didnt linger long to mingle with the settlers on the coast--they had left Ulster to go west and go west they did. In 1826, a league, The American Temperance Society, was founded in Boston, and it was a society that distillers would come to dread. Rye, another European grain, was a hardy crop that took root and fared well almost immediately in the middle colonies, and since the Europeans were accustomed to working with rye grain, they turned to it as the next best thing to barley. Hamilton had estimated the national debt at about $54 million, and on July 1, 1791, the government started to enforce an excise tax on all spirits--imported and domestic. (In her spare time Nation published a newsletter called Hatchet and another known as Smashers Mail.). The whiskey men of America were somewhat nervous that much of their audience was gone. Willard fought for more than temperance; she was also involved in other womens issues, such as suffrage and civil rights, and she had some further attributes that frustrated the anti-temperance folk. He was thinking of running for a third term--even though he had once told Congress that he was not prepared for the office at all--and people within his administration despaired of some of the people he had chosen to work alongside him. That much of their audience was gone change of heart they are charred 51 % and! 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